We use a pronoun instead of repeating a name. Subject pronouns come before the verb; object pronouns come after the verb or after a preposition.
RULE
Subject: I, you, he, she, it, we, they
Object: me, you, him, her, it, us, them
TIP
After 'be', we normally use the object form in everyday speech: 'Who's there?' 'It's me.' (not 'It's I.')
EXAMPLES
Anna phoned. She said she was busy.
I don't understand him.
Is this letter for us?
2
Gap fill · type your answer in each gap
Complete each sentence with the correct pronoun.
1.Tom is my neighbour. works at the hospital. (Tom → subject)
2.I don't have Sara's number. Can you give it to ? (Sara → object)
3.Where are my keys? I can't find .
4.Is that letter for ? (for me and my brother)
5. don't understand this exercise. (I → subject)
6.Tom and Sara are late. are always late. (Tom and Sara → subject)
3
Theory · read before you start
It, They, Them for Things; It for Time and Weather
We use it for a single thing, and they/them for more than one thing. We also use it (with no real meaning) to talk about time, dates, distance, and weather.
RULE
one thing: it · more than one thing: they / them
time and weather: It's five o'clock. It's Tuesday. It's raining.
TIP
Don't drop 'it' the way some languages do — English always needs a subject: 'It's cold today', not 'Is cold today'.
EXAMPLES
'Where are my keys?' 'They're on the table.'
'What's the time?' 'It's six o'clock.'
It's very windy this morning.
4
Quiz · choose one option per question
Choose the correct pronoun.
1.'Where's your bike?' ''s in the garage.'
2.'Where are the letters?' 'Put on the table.'
3.'s December 17th today.
4.'s cold and windy this evening.
5
Theory · read before you start
Possessive Adjectives (my, his, her...)
A possessive adjective always comes before a noun, to show who something belongs to.
RULE
I → my · you → your · he → his · she → her
it → its · we → our · they → their
TIP
If a boy or man has something, use 'his'. If a girl or woman has something, use 'her' — the pronoun matches the OWNER, not the thing owned.
EXAMPLES
Tom is visiting his mother this weekend.
Anna and her brother are both students.
The company changed its name last year.
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Quiz · choose one option per question
Choose the correct possessive adjective.
1.Tina lost keys again.
2.Peter says wife is ill today.
3.The bank has changed name.
4.We're taking holiday in June.
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Theory · read before you start
Possessive Adjectives with the Body and Clothes; his or her?
We often use possessive adjectives with parts of the body and clothes, not 'the'. Remember: 'his' matches a male owner, 'her' matches a female owner — no matter what is owned.
RULE
Peter broke his leg. (NOT Peter broke the leg.)
Anna and her brother are both doctors. (NOT Anna and his brother...)
Tom and his sister live together. (NOT Tom and her sister...)
TIP
Ask yourself 'who owns it?' first — the owner's gender decides his/her, not the gender of the thing owned.